Bonfires and Fireworks Displays Risk Assessment

Typical hazards & measures

• Bonfire — Build bonfires on level, non-flammable ground using only dry, untreated wood. Construct with stable, evenly stacked materials and monitor stability throughout. Mark a safe perimeter to prevent overheating and burns, and assign marshals to supervise. Keep firefighting equipment (extinguishers, water buckets, hoses) on hand, and clear flammable vegetation within at least 15m of the site.
• Wind carrying fireworks or embers — Conduct a wind assessment before the event. If winds exceed safe speeds (e.g., 15 mph), delay or cancel the display. Adjust firing angles to minimize risk and ensure a safe fallout zone.
• Inadequate site layout — Designate a large, open area with clearly defined zones: a firing area (at least 25m from spectators), a fallout zone (50m downwind), and an exclusion zone. Erect barriers and use clear signage to keep attendees at a safe distance.
• Wildlife disturbance — Schedule the event away from sensitive habitats and nesting seasons. Use quieter fireworks if near wildlife areas and monitor for any adverse impacts during and after the event.
• Firework malfunctions — Use high-quality fireworks from licensed suppliers and conduct thorough pre-event checks of firing equipment. Secure fireworks to prevent misdirection and ensure they are managed by individuals with appropriate training and experience. Maintain a safe fallout zone, enforce a waiting period before re-entering firing areas, and have fire suppression tools ready.